Heterogeneity of the spatial structure of the living ground cover in forest communities

Vera Lebedeva; Viktor Ipatov; Marina Tikhodeeva

Authors

Vera Lebedeva Saint Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
Viktor Ipatov Saint Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
Marina Tikhodeeva Saint Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation

Abstract

We suggested and tested a method of quantitative estimation of heterogeneity of the ground vegetation cover using the Euclidean distance. We have demonstrated the wave nature of the vegetation, which dialectically combines discreteness (quantization) and continuum. We selected quanta of vegetation, carried out the calculation of quantized levels, the degree of heterogeneity and continuity of vegetation. The comparison of indicators of heterogeneity of forest communities held on the example of different green-moss pine forests — widespread in the taiga zone community. We selected different types of quantization depending on size, number and contrast of plant quanta. It is revealed that the heterogeneity of the living ground cover is most strongly influenced by the following factors: ecotopic (lowering of microrelief) and coenotopic (crown of firs, relationships between herb-shrub and moss species). Refs 25. Figs 6. Tables 2.

Keywords:

heterogeneity, mosaic, discreteness, continuum, green-moss pine forests

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ipatov V. S. Vnov’ o poniatii fitotsenoz [Again about the concept of phytocoenosis]. Bot. zhurn. [Botan. Journal], 2013, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 481–486. (In Russian)

Uranov A. A., Mikhailova N. F. Iz opyta izucheniia fitogennogo polia Stipa pennata L. [Studying the phytogenic field of Stipa pennata L.]. Biul. MOIP [Bull. Moscow Society of Naturalists], Dep. biol., 1974, vol. 79, issue 5, pp. 151–159. (In Russian)

Zaugol’nova L. B., Mikhailova N. F. Struktura fitogennogo polia osobei nekotorykh plotnodernovinnykh zlakov [The structure of phytogenic field of some individuals of dense-sod grass]. Biul. MOIP [Bull. Moscow Society of Naturalists], Dep. biol., 1978, vol. 83, issue 6, pp. 79–89. (In Russian)

Galanin A. V. Vliianie fitogennogo polia na raspredelenie rastenii [Influence of phytogenic field on the distribution of plants]. Ekologiia [Ecology], 1980, no. 6, pp. 76–78. (In Russian)

Samoilov Iu. I. Struktura fitogennogo polia na primere odinochnykh dubov Quercus robur (Fagaceae) [The structure of phytogenic field on the example of a single oak Quercus robur (Fagaceae)]. Bot. zhurn. [Botan. Journal], 1983, vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 1022–1034. (In Russian)

Kryshen’ A. M. Fitogennoe pole: teoriia i proiavlenie v prirode [Phytogenic field: theory and the manifestation in nature]. Izvestiia RAN [Izvestiya RAN], ser. biol., 2000, no. 4, pp. 437–443. (In Russian)

Ashik E. V., Tikhodeeva M. Iu. Issledovanie fitogennogo polia Tilia cordata Mill. v posadkakh v zapovednike “Belogor’e” Belgorodskoi oblasti [Research of the phytogenic field of Tilia cordata Mill. in plantings in the reserve “Belogorye” Belgorod region]. Vestn. St. Peterb. un-ta. Ser. 3. Biologiia [Vestnik of Saint-Petersburg University. Series 3. Biology], 2006, issue 3, pp. 64–73. (In Russian)

Ipatov V. S., Zhuravleva E. N., Lebedeva V. Kh., Tikhodeeva M. Iu. Fitogennoe pole Picea abies, P. obovata (Pinaceae) [Phytogenic field of Picea abies, P. obovata (Pinaceae)]. Bot. zhurn. [Botan. Journal], 2009, vol. 94, no. 4, pp. 558–568. (In Russian)

Lebedeva V. Kh., Tikhodeeva M. Iu., Ipatov V. S. Fitogennoe pole gerani lesnoi Geranium sylvaticum (Geraniaceae) [Phytogenic field of the Forest geranium Geranium sylvaticum (Geraniaceae)]. Bot. zhurn. [Botan. Journal], 2009, vol. 94, no. 6, pp. 833–848. (In Russian)

Zhuravleva E. N., Ipatov V. S., Lebedeva V. Kh., Tikhodeeva M. Iu. Izmenenie rastitel’nosti na lugakh pod vliianiem sosny obyknovennoi (Pinus sylvestris L.) [Vegetation changes in the meadows under the influence of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)]. Vestn. St. Peterb. un-ta. Ser. 3. Biologiia [Vestnik of Saint-Petersburg University. Series 3. Biology], 2012, issue 2, pp. 3–12. (In Russian)

Ulanova N. G. The effects of windthrow on forests at different spatial scales: a review. Forest Ecology and Management, 2000, vol. 135, no. 1–3, pp. 155–167.

Peters D. P. C. Plant species dominance at a grassland-shrubland ecotone: an individual-based gap dynamics model of herbaceous and woody species. Ecological Modelling, 2002, vol. 152, no. 1, pp. 5–32.

Dusan R., Stjepan M., Igor A., Jurij D. Gap regeneration patterns in relationship to light heterogeneity in two old-growth beech fir forest reserves in south east Europe. Forestry, 2007, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 431–443.

Wilby A., Shachak M. Harvester ant response to spatial and temporal heterogeneity in seed availability: patterns in the process of granivory. Oecologia, 2000, vol. 125, no. 4, pp. 495–503.

Fuhlendorf S. D., Engle D. M. Application of the fire-grazing interaction to restore a shifting mosaic on tallgrass prairie. J. Appl. Ecol., 2004, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 604–614.

Gornov A. V. Fitogennaia i zoogennaia mozaichnost’ i floristicheskoe raznoobrazie vlazhnykh lugov Nerusso-Desnianskogo Poles’ia [Phytogenic and zoogenic mosaic and floristic diversity of wet meadows of Nerusso-Desna Polis’ye]. Biul. MOIP [Bull. Moscow Society of Naturalists], Dep. biol., 2011, vol. 116, pp. 64–69. (In Russian)

Lamont B. Gradient and zonal analysis of understory suppression by Eucaliptus wandoo. Vegetation, 1985, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 113–137.

Smirnova O. V. Populiatsionnaia organizatsiia biotsenoticheskogo pokrova lesnykh landshaftov [Population organization of biocenotic cover of the forest landscape]. Uspekhi sovr. biol. [Successes sovr. biol], 1998, vol. 118, no. 2, pp. 148–165. (In Russian)

Zagidullina A. T., Tikhodeyeva M. Ju. Spatial patterns of recruitment and ground cover in dry Scots pine forest of Russian Karelia and Karelian isthmus. EcoScience, 2006, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 203–218.

Ipatov V. S., Kirikova L. A. K voprosu o kontinuume i kvantovannosti rastitel’nogo pokrova [On the question of the continuum and the quantization of vegetation]. Bot. zhurn. [Botan. Journal], 1985, vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 885–896. (In Russian)

Ipatov V. S., Lebedeva V. Kh., Tikhodeeva M. Iu. O geterogennosti i kvantovannosti rastitel’nosti probnykh ploshchadei [About heterogeneity and quantization of the vegetation of trial areas]. Bot. zhurn. [Botan. Journal], 2014, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 3–22. (In Russian)

Ipatov V. S., Kirikova L. A. Fitotsenologiia [The phytocenology]. St. Petersburg, St.-Petersburg Univ. Press, 1997. 316 p. (In Russian)

Vasilevich V. I. Statisticheskie metody v geobotanike [Statistical methods in geobotany]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1969. 232 p. (In Russian)

Ipatov V. S., Kirikova L. A. K kharakteristike fitogennogo polia Picea abies (Pinaceae) v zelenomoshnykh sosniakakh [The characterization of phytogenic field of Picea abies (Pinaceae) in green-moss pine forests]. Bot. zhurn. [Botan. Journal], 2001, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 94–103. (In Russian)

Lebedeva V. Kh., Tikhodeeva M. Iu., Ipatov V. S. Vliianie drevesnogo pologa na vidy napochvennogo pokrova v el’nike chernichno-zelenomoshnom [The influence of the tree layer on plant soil cover species in bilberry-moss spruce forest]. Bot. zhurn. [Botan. Journal], 2005, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 400–410. (In Russian)